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Cryogenic Storage Tank

What Is Cryogenic Storage Tank

 

A cryogenic storage tank is a specialized type of storage tank used for holding materials that need to be stored at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C (-238°F). These tanks are usually constructed from stainless steel and are well insulated to minimize heat transfer. Cryogenic storage tanks are commonly used for storing and transporting liquefied gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and helium, which are used in various industries such as medical, aerospace, and semiconductor manufacturing.

 

 
Advantages Of Cryogenic Storage Tank
 
01/

High Storage Capacity

Cryogenic storage tanks can have a high storage capacity, making them suitable for large-scale industrial applications. This makes them the preferred choice for industrial gas storage, especially when large amounts of liquid gases need to be stored.

02/

Longer Storage Period

Cryogenic tanks can store cryogenic gases for an extended period without the need for refilling. These tanks are designed to maintain the cryogenic temperature of the stored gases, preventing the evaporation and loss of these gases over time.

03/

Improved Safety

Cryogenic storage tanks are designed to withstand extremely low temperatures and high pressures, making them safe for storing hazardous and volatile gases. They are also equipped with safety mechanisms that prevent leaks and other accidents.

04/

High-Quality Insulation

Cryogenic storage tanks are designed with high-quality insulation, such as vacuum insulation or foam insulation, which helps to reduce heat transfer and keep the stored gases at their desired temperatures.

05/

Scalability

Cryogenic storage tanks can be built in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different volumes of cryogenic fluids, making them scalable to meet the needs of different industrial applications.

06/

Easy Maintenance

Cryogenic tanks require minimal maintenance due to the use of high-quality materials that are resistant to wear and tear. Also, regular inspections and maintenance can ensure the longevity of the tank and prevent any unwanted events from happening.

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Applications of Cryogenic Storage Tank
 

Cryogenic storage tanks find widespread applications in various industries due to their ability to store large quantities of liquefied gases efficiently.

Industrial Gases

Cryogenic storage tanks are used to store and supply industrial gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, which are essential in manufacturing processes, metal fabrication, and pharmaceutical production.

Energy And Power

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in cryogenic tanks to facilitate its transportation and use as a cleaner energy source. These tanks enable the safe storage and transportation of LNG, ensuring its availability in regions where pipelines are not economically viable.

Aerospace And Defense

Cryogenic storage tanks play a crucial role in the aerospace industry, where they are utilized to store propellants for rockets and spacecraft. The extremely low temperatures allow for higher storage densities, enabling longer missions and more significant payloads.

Medical Applications

Cryogenic storage tanks are used in medical facilities to store and transport cryopreserved biological materials, including stem cells, tissues, and organs, for research and transplantation purposes. These tanks provide a reliable environment for maintaining the integrity and viability of these critical materials.

 

Cryogenic Storage Tanks Consist Of Three Main Parts

 
 
01
 

Vessel of Internal Pressure

A cryogenic vessel made of stainless steel or other materials with high strength when exposed to cryogenic temperatures.

 
02
 

The Outer Vessel

A vessel made of carbon steel or stainless steel. Under normal operating conditions, this vessel maintains the insulation around the inner pressure vessel and can also maintain a vacuum around the inner vessel. Most of the time, the external vessel is not exposed to cryogenic temperatures.

 
03
 

Insulation

The vacuum-sealed space between the inner and outer vessels, which is filled with several inches of insulating material. The vacuum and insulating material help to reduce heat transfer and, as a consequence, the boil-off of the liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, or liquid argon contained inside the vessel.

The inner vessel of a storage tank is typically designed to sustain a maximum allowed operating pressure of 250 psig (1724 kPa). Vessels may be designed for higher or lower working pressures, as well as for specific uses. The service pressure of the vessel may be adjusted.

Horizontal Stainless Steel Storage Tank

How Do Cryogenic Storage Tanks Compare To Traditional Storage Tanks

 

 

Compared with traditional storage tanks, the main differences between cryogenic storage tanks are temperature and material characteristics. Cryogenic storage tanks are usually used to store liquid gas, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, etc., and their temperatures are usually between -270°C and -196°C, while traditional storage tanks are usually used to store liquids, gases, solids, etc. Their temperatures and material properties vary.

 

The design and manufacturing requirements for cryogenic storage tanks are more stringent, and high-strength and high-temperature-resistant materials must be used, such as stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, etc., and sealing performance and corrosion resistance must be guaranteed. In addition, cryogenic storage tanks also need to have thermal insulation performance, automatic temperature control equipment, pressure protection devices and other functions to ensure that the stored liquid gas is not affected by changes in external temperature and pressure.

 
 

How To Fill Cryogenic Storage Tanks

Cryogenic storage tanks are generally used to store cryogenic liquids, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, etc. When filling cryogenic storage tanks, you need to pay attention to the following points.

 

Preparation Work: Prepare storage tanks, transportation vehicles, pipelines, accessories and other equipment in advance, and check whether they meet safety requirements.

 

Confirm The Properties Of The Liquid: Test the liquid before filling to confirm the liquid type, solution concentration and other parameters.

 

Adopt An Appropriate Filling Method

When filling, consider the temperature, pressure and other parameters of the liquid, as well as the capacity and pressure level of the storage tank, and adopt an appropriate filling method. Common filling methods include liquid pumping filling, natural perfusion, etc.

Empty The Storage Tank

Empty the gas in the storage tank before filling to prevent dangerous reactions between liquid and gas.

 

 

Control The Filling Speed

When filling, pay attention to controlling the filling speed to avoid the liquid flowing into the storage tank too quickly, causing dangers such as excessive pressure or overflow.

Monitor The Liquid Level And Pressure

During the filling process, the liquid level and pressure in the tank must be monitored, and the filling speed and filling amount should be adjusted in time to ensure safety.

 

 

Safe Operation

Take safety measures during the filling process to avoid static electricity, sparks or other dangerous accidents. After filling is completed, the storage tank and equipment should be cleaned in time, and the equipment should be inspected for safety.

 

Safety Requirements for Cryogenic Storage Tank

Safety is of paramount importance when it comes to the design, operation, and maintenance of cryogenic tanks. Given the extremely low temperatures and the nature of the stored substances, specific safety requirements must be met to ensure the protection of personnel, the environment, and the integrity of the tanks. Here are some key safety requirements for cryogenic tanks.

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Ventilation And Gas Detection
Adequate ventilation is essential to prevent the buildup of potentially hazardous gases in enclosed areas. Proper ventilation systems should be in place to ensure the removal of any leaked gases or vapors. Additionally, gas detection systems should be installed to monitor the concentration levels of gases and provide early warnings in case of leaks.

 

Pressure Relief Systems
Cryogenic tanks should be equipped with pressure relief valves or devices to prevent over-pressurization. These valves are designed to open and release excess pressure in the event of a malfunction or an abnormal increase in pressure, ensuring the integrity of the tank and preventing catastrophic failures.

 

Fire Prevention And Protection
Cryogenic gases can present fire hazards under certain conditions. Fire prevention measures, such as avoiding open flames, sparks, or smoking in the vicinity of cryogenic tanks, should be strictly enforced. Adequate fire protection systems, including fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems, should be available and maintained in case of emergencies.

 

Insulation Integrity
The insulation systems of cryogenic tanks play a vital role in maintaining low temperatures and preventing heat transfer. Regular inspections and maintenance of the insulation materials and seals are crucial to ensure their integrity. Damaged or deteriorated insulation should be promptly repaired or replaced to maintain the effectiveness of the tank’s insulation system.

 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Proper PPE should be provided to all personnel working with or in the vicinity of cryogenic tanks. This may include thermal gloves, face shields, safety glasses, and insulated footwear. Training on the proper use of PPE and safety procedures should be provided to all individuals involved.

 

Emergency Response Planning
Adequate emergency response plans should be developed and communicated to all personnel. These plans should outline procedures for handling leaks, spills, fire incidents, and other emergencies. Training and drills should be conducted regularly to ensure that personnel are prepared to respond effectively in case of an emergency.

 

Training and Competency
Personnel involved in the operation, maintenance, and handling of cryogenic tanks should receive appropriate training to understand the hazards associated with cryogenic substances and safe operating procedures. This includes proper handling techniques, use of safety equipment, and understanding the risks associated with cryogenic temperatures.

 

Compliance With Regulations
Cryogenic tanks are subject to various national and international regulations and standards. It is essential to comply with these regulations, which may include design standards, inspection requirements, and record-keeping obligations. Adhering to these regulations helps ensure the safe operation and maintenance of cryogenic tanks.

 

 
How To Monitor The Integrity Of Cryogenic Storage Tanks

Monitoring the integrity of cryogenic storage tanks requires comprehensive consideration of the following aspects

Use Appropriate Sensors

Cryogenic storage tanks are suitable for monitoring using sensors such as pressure, temperature, liquid level, and weight. These sensors can monitor the status inside the storage tank in real time and detect abnormalities in time.

Establish a Monitoring System

In order to comprehensively monitor the integrity of cryogenic storage tanks, a complete monitoring system needs to be established, which can include sensors, monitoring instruments, central control rooms and alarm systems.

Regular Inspection And Maintenance

Cryogenic storage tanks require regular inspection and maintenance. Inspection includes inspection and testing of the inside and outside of the tank, checking its integrity, and repairing cracks and damage to the tank at any time.

Establish Preventive Measures

Preventive measures are one of the most effective methods when it comes to monitoring the integrity of cryogenic storage tanks. The risks of storage tanks can be reduced by measures such as strengthening the tanks and improving processes.

 

How To Insulate Cryogenic Storage Tanks

Cryogenic storage tanks refer to containers used to store liquid gases (such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, etc.). Since the temperature of liquid gases is very low, effective heat insulation treatment is required to prevent cold damage and damage to the storage tank. Energy loss.

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Multi-Layer Vacuum Insulation

Multi-layer vacuum insulation is an efficient thermal insulation method that utilizes the vacuum areas formed between multiple insulation layers to effectively reduce heat conduction, convection and radiation losses. This method can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the storage tank, but it has high structural requirements for the storage tank and requires the use of high-strength materials for support and protection.

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Expanded Perlite Insulation

Expanded perlite is a common insulation material with the advantages of light weight, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, etc., and is suitable for the heat insulation treatment of low-temperature storage tanks. Expanded perlite can be used for internal or external insulation and is often wrapped in multiple layers for insulation.

Propane Storage Tank
 

Polyurethane Foam Insulation

Polyurethane foam insulation is also a common heat insulation method. It has low thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and heat insulation properties, and can effectively prevent heat conduction inside and outside the storage tank. Polyurethane foam insulation is suitable for internal insulation of cryogenic storage tanks.

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Vacuum Microbeads And Solid Aerogel Thermal Insulation

Vacuum microbeads and solid aerogel are a new type of ultra-fine microporous material with ultra-low thermal conductivity and super thermal insulation properties, and are suitable for heat insulation treatment of low-temperature storage tanks. The use of this material can significantly reduce the energy consumption of storage tanks, but the material is expensive and not suitable for large-scale applications.

 

Maintenance Tips for Cryogenic Storage Tank

Cleaning: After use, the cryogenic storage tank must be cleaned. Especially when storing high-viscosity materials, cleaning must be strengthened. When cleaning, empty the storage tank, use a high-pressure cleaning machine to clean the tank walls and brackets, etc. After cleaning, rinse repeatedly with clean water.

 

Inspection: After the cryogenic storage tank has been used for a period of time, it is necessary to check whether the tank's supports, accessories, valves, pipes, etc. are intact and whether they need to be replaced.

 

Maintenance: If there are problems such as leakage, the problem should be found in time and repaired. And check whether the cooling system, heating system, protection system, alarm, etc. are normal.

Maintenance

Perform regular maintenance on cryogenic storage tanks to ensure their normal operation. This includes checking whether valves, insulation layers, explosion-proof doors, liquid level gauges, thermometers, etc. are normal, and replacing failed parts in a timely manner.

Heating

When storing low-temperature liquids, heating measures need to be taken. The heating equipment for each liquid needs to be maintained in time and inspected regularly to ensure its safe operation.

Environment

The environment around the storage tank must be kept clean and dry to avoid damage to the equipment by water vapor and moisture. You should also regularly check whether the fire protection facilities around the storage tank are complete to ensure safe operation.

Storage

When the cryogenic storage tank is out of service for a long time, all the cryogenic liquid in it needs to be drained, cleaned, inspected and maintained, and then sealed and stored. Before use, it needs to be inspected and maintained again to ensure its safe operation.

 

Our Factory

 

 

Heze huawang pressure vessel co.,LTD. (heze huawang for short), established 34 years ago, insists on deep cultivation of container manufacturing, has built shandong province cryogenic container and cryogenic equipment research center, large-scale chemical equipment manufacturing base, specializing in the production of liquefied gas storage tank, cryogenic storage tank, refrigeration auxiliary machinery and environmental protection equipment.

 

 
FAQ

Q: How do cryogenic storage tanks compare to conventional storage tanks?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks are designed to store very low-temperature liquids and gases, while conventional storage tanks are typically used for higher-temperature fluids. Cryogenic tanks are typically more expensive and require more specialized handling and maintenance than conventional tanks.

Q: What are the different types of cryogenic storage tanks?

A: The two main types of cryogenic storage tanks are stationary tanks and transportable tanks. Stationary tanks are designed for long-term storage and are typically installed at industrial facilities. Transportable tanks are designed for short-term or mobile storage and can be transported by truck or rail.

Q: What are cryogenic liquids?

A: Cryogenic liquids are substances that have boiling points below -150°C (-238°F) at atmospheric pressure. These liquids include liquefied gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and helium, as well as liquified natural gas (LNG).

Q: What are some applications of cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks are used for a variety of applications, including medical and scientific research, industrial gas production, food manufacturing, and energy production.

Q: How do cryogenic storage tanks work?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks are designed to keep the cryogenic liquid at a very low temperature and under high pressure. The tank is typically double-walled with a vacuum between the walls to minimize heat transfer and maintain the low temperature of the liquid.

Q: Why are cryogenic liquids stored at low temperatures?

A: Cryogenic liquids are stored at low temperatures because they become more efficient and easier to transport at extremely low temperatures. Also, most cryogenic liquids have a significantly lower storage volume requirement when kept at their boiling points.

Q: What are the safety considerations for using cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Handling cryogenic liquids requires proper training and safety precautions as they are potentially hazardous due to their extremely low temperatures and the possibility of rapid release or expansion if the tank is ruptured.

Q: How is the pressure in a cryogenic storage tank controlled?

A: The pressure in a cryogenic storage tank is controlled through a pressure relief valve that releases pressure from the tank if it exceeds a safe level.

Q: How do cryogenic storage tanks release stored liquids or gases?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks have relief valves designed to release excess pressure and prevent tank rupture or explosion. Liquid can be withdrawn from the bottom of the tank, while gases are typically withdrawn from the top.

Q: How are cryogenic storage tanks transported?

A: Transportable cryogenic storage tanks are transported by truck or rail. These tanks are typically cylindrical or spherical in shape, and they are designed to withstand the stresses of transportation.

Q: What is a vacuum-insulated cryogenic storage tank?

A: A vacuum-insulated cryogenic storage tank is a specialized tank that is designed to keep cryogenic liquids at their desired temperature by using a vacuum insulated chamber and advanced insulation materials.

Q: What materials are used to construct cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks are typically constructed from stainless steel, carbon steel, or aluminum, and they are coated with insulation materials to minimize heat transfer.

Q: How long can cryogenic storage tanks keep a liquid at low temperatures?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks can keep a liquid at low temperatures for extended periods, ranging from a few days to several months depending on the tank’s insulation, material, and refrigeration system.

Q: How are cryogenic storage tanks cooled?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks are typically cooled by a refrigeration system consisting of a compressor, heat exchangers, and control valves that maintain a low temperature within the tank.

Q: What are the advantages of using cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Cryogenic storage tanks offer a range of advantages, including lower storage volume requirements, higher energy density, and chemical stability, making it an ideal storage choice for many applications.

Q: What is the shelf life of liquids stored in a cryogenic storage tank?

A: The shelf life of liquids stored in a cryogenic storage tank depends on the specific liquid. However, in a well-maintained storage tank, most cryogenic liquids can be stored for several months.

Q: What is the operating temperature of a cryogenic storage tank?

A: The operating temperature of a cryogenic storage tank varies depending on the type of liquid being stored. For example, typical storage tanks for liquid nitrogen have an operating temperature of -196°C (-320.8°F).

Q: How do temperature fluctuations affect cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Temperature fluctuations can cause cryogenic storage tanks to expand or contract, which can affect their structural integrity and increase the risk of leaks or failures. Proper insulation and heating systems can help mitigate this risk.

Q: What is a cryogenic storage tank?

A: A cryogenic storage tank is a specialized container designed to store and transport very low-temperature liquids, such as liquefied oxygen, nitrogen, argon, or helium.

Q: Why is insulation important in cryogenic storage tanks?

A: Insulation is important in cryogenic storage tanks because it prevents heat transfer to the contents of the tank, which helps to maintain the low temperatures required.

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